a.k.a. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
commercialized information systems
integrate and automate business processes across a firm’s value chain
located within and across organizations
typically use relational data model
primary and foreign keys link the hundreds of tables that form the basis for the enterprise system
Ex: SAP/ERP, Oracle ERP, Microsoft Dynamics
In fact, for a popular ERP product (SAP/ERP) installation, there are 10,000 tables that are all linked to each other!